John Downman Biography
JOHN DOWNMAN, ARA
Ruabon, North Wales 1750 – 1824 Wrexham
John Downman was a fashionable portrait painter in the second half of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth. He was born in Ruabon, North Wales, the son of Francis Downman, an attorney of Devonshire stock, and his wife Charlotte, daughter of Francis Goodsend, the private secretary to George I. In 1768 John became a pupil of Benjamin West and the following year attended the Royal Academy Schools. He showed his first portrait at the RA in 1770 and his first subject painting in 1773, exhibiting there until 1819. From 1773-4 Downman, by now married, studied in Rome in the company of Joseph Wright of Derby.
By 1777 Downman was living in Cambridge, but the following year set up a studio at Bedford Street, Covent Garden. From 1779-1804 he lived at increasingly fashionable London addresses, including Bond Street, Jermyn Street and Piccadilly. Downman painted few large-scale oil portraits, although these are elegant and accomplished. His early work is mostly small, oval oil portraits on copper, painted in the delicate manner of Francis Wheatley. Downman is most well known, however, for small, often oval portraits in black chalk and stump, tinted with watercolour. He drew on very thin paper and painted the flesh tints on the reverse, creating a subtle glow as the watercolour showed through. Downman’s soft, pretty style suited the taste of the age; he drew the foremost beauties of his day, including the Duchess of Devonshire, and was much in demand for his lively, naturalistic portraits of children. His study of classical art in Italy is apparent in his austere, delicate lines and his habit of placing sitters in cameo-like profile.
Downman made a number of subject pictures on themes from mythology, classical history, poetry and the theatre, for example The sybarite, 1805 (pencil, black chalk, watercolour and gouache; Victoria and Albert Museum, London). He contributed a scene from As You Like It (untraced) to John Boydell’s Shakespeare Gallery and in 1782 exhibited at the Royal Academy an oil painting of The return of Orestes, depicting private theatricals with the Prince of Wales as Orestes (with Messrs. A Tooth, London, in 1948). Downman became an ARA in 1795.
In 1804 Downman was living in West Malling, Kent, where he had relatives; he was a keen naturalist and made studies of animals and birds. By 1806 he had moved to Devon, where he married a daughter of the well-known Exeter organist and composer William Jackson, who had been a friend of Thomas Gainsborough. His later years were spent in constant travel to fulfil commissions, for example to Alnwick, Northumberland, to portray Hugh, Lord Percy, son of the Duke of Northumberland. In 1818, with the decline of demand for his work, he settled in Chester; he died at his daughter’s house in Wrexham in 1824.
Downman kept volumes of sketches of his sitters in which he records lively and amusing comments about them. These volumes are now divided between the British Museum, London and the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.
The work of John Downman is represented in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London; the National Portrait Gallery, London; the British Museum, London; the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge; the Yale Center for British Art, New Haven and in many English country house collections.